John Steinbeck's novel Cannery Row Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

John Steinbeck's novel Cannery Row - Essay Example As the discussion highlights Doc is a man of scientific approach, but at the same time, he is interested in enjoying the luxuries of day to day life. He is not the one to chase the perfect disciplines in life, but is willing to carry on happily with the available levels of discipline. The readers first see him leaving his Western Biological Laboratory for purchasing five quarts of beer. He is not interested to tread the beaten and routine tracks of life and exhibits defiance towards the vested interests that take control of the society and his approach is evident in his suggested â€Å"method for getting revenge on a bank if anyone should ever want to: `Rent a safety deposit box, then deposit in it one fresh salmon and go away for six months.† Thus Doc is an individual who accepts and lauds the contradictory facets of life and his Western Biological is a kind of experimental laboratory for the living things as per their levels of progression. This study outlines that a true philosopher (the realized soul) knows the past, present and the future and they are one with the, the great leveler of humankind, the Time. They are unaffected by the day to day agitations, ups and downs occurring in the world outside. The author compares Mack and the boys, the ordinary folks, to such philosophers as they have the capacity to survive in this world of pluralities and pairs of opposites, like happiness and sorrow, light and darkness etc. There are others, the simple types of people, to whom ignorance is bliss and they also remain happy, like philosophers, in all circumstances. The intelligent, successful and competitive people remain upset always; their mind is full of agitations over the business and secular challenges they face and the author categorizes them as men with â€Å" bad stomachs and bad souls† but Mack and the boys are fit physically and mentally. They are carefree people, eat what they like, and do what they wish.  

King of Country Music Essay Example for Free

King of Country Music Essay When Strait was a teenager, he began his music by joining a rock and roll garage band. After he graduated high school, he enrolled in college, but soon dropped out and married his high school sweetheart, Norma Voss, in 1971. He later enlisted in the Army. He was stationed in Hawaii and began to play in an army-sponsored band called Rambling Country. On October 6, 1972, while still in Hawaii, George and Norma welcomed their first child, Jenifer. In 1975, Strait was discharged from the Army and soon after returned to Texas. Strait returned to college in San Marcos, where he graduated in 1979 with a degree in agriculture. During college, he joined the country band Stoney Ridge, answering a flyer the band posted around campus looking for a new vocalist. Strait renamed the group the Ace in the Hole and quickly became the lead, they began to perform at different honky tonks and bars around south and central Texas, traveling as far east as Huntsville and Houston. They gained a regional following and opened for national acts such as The Texas Playboys. Soon, his band was given the opportunity to record several Strait-penned singles including That Dont Change The Way I Feel About You, for the Houston-based D label. However, the songs never achieved wide recognition, and Strait continued to manage his family cattle ranch during the day in order to make some extra cash. Strait attempted tried to become famous in Nashville but failed because he lacked any strong business connections. In 1979, he became friends with Erv Woolsey, a Texas club owner who once worked for MCA Records. Woolsey invited several MCA executives to Texas to hear Strait. He did so well on his performance they signed him in 1980. Straits first single was â€Å"Unwound’ in 1981. It made it into the Top 10. Next he released two more songs Down and Out and If Youre Thinking You Want a Stranger (Theres One Coming Home). Both these songs did great on the charts, but it wasnt until 1982 when Straits second album Strait from the heart was released. Then George Strait had his first number one hit Fool Hearted Memory. In the 1980s alone, he reached the top of the chart 18 times with songs such as The Chair, All My Exes Live in Texas, Famous Last Words of a Fool and Baby Blue. In 1985, he won CMA awards for album of the year and male vocalist. In 1986, he repeated his win as male vocalist, but his year was marked by tragedy when his daughter was killed in a car wreck. Baby Blue is said to have been written for his daughter. Strait won CMA entertainer of the year award in 1989 and 1990. In the 1990s, George Strait continued to dominate country music. He released his tenth album, Livin It Up, which featured two number one hits including Love Without End, Amen and Ive Come to Expect It From You. He later released the singles If I Know Me and You Know Me Better Than Thatwhich both were number one hits. In 1992, Strait starred in the movie Pure Country and recorded I Cross My Heart which is still one of his biggest hits today. His song once again reached number one. In 1995, He released a four-CD boxed set, Strait Out of the Box. It had become one of the five biggest-selling boxed sets in music history.

Sport And Exercise Psychology Psychology Essay

Sport And Exercise Psychology Psychology Essay Sports Psychology involves the research of the emotional factors associated with participation in sport. Sport Psychology gives a fundamental of knowing how the various aspects of mindset can be applied to sport participation. Evaluation of character types will be discussed relating to sport participation. This will be extended to discuss the inspiration and leadership participation to sport participation as well as the relationship between anxiety and excitement with respect to enhancing wearing performance. Psychological skills training will then be demonstrated, including success stories, group characteristics, visuals, positive self-in relation to achieving peak wearing performance. Release to Game Psychology provides a greater knowing of the emotional processes of individual sportsmen and group characteristics to enhance wearing performance. Must basics of typical concepts of sport mindset will give you a better knowing of this area. For decades, specialists, trainers and inspir ational speakers offered a variety of concepts on how sportsmen could improve their performance through mental practice. Game mindset became a more recognized and accepted area of research during the 1980s after Denver psychotherapist Wayne Loehr recorded typical practices of successful sportsmen and related them to performance, group characteristics, visuals, positive self-in relation to achieving peak wearing performance. Release to Game Psychology provides a greater knowing of the emotional processes of individual sportsmen and group characteristics to enhance wearing performance. Must basics of typical concepts of sport mindset will give you a better knowing of this area. For decades, specialists, trainers and inspirational speakers offered a variety of concepts on how sportsmen could improve their performance through mental practice. Game mindset became a more recognized and accepted area of research during the 1980s after Denver psychotherapist Wayne Loehr recorded typical pra ctices of successful sportsmen and related them to performance. CHAPTER 3 MOTIVATION Efficiently I handled to sit for my 3rd module Psychology in PSB Academy, after the introduction of psychology was done, Mr Edgar continue with his session in Chapter 3 Motivation, in this chapter I would like to share my encounter in the year of 2006, when I being appointed as an associate trainer, leading a team of Silat sportsmen age between from 10 12 years of age for their first period of time in their competition was not that tough, as I voluntarily accepted the offer which organize by the Nanyang Community Centre. I had no issue performing exercises and guide them along for their competition. The day of competition, I observed their behaviour such as anxious and pressure encounters on each individual sportsman including my younger brother, which emphasize me the day of my first competition with the similar experience, whereby my trainers approached me and provided me an inspiration assistance which I cant forget until now. So I did the same thing to my young other sportsmen which now I realize that inspiration play a part in every single action that we taking part of. After I talked to them and share some of my encounter and experience, I can see comfort on them and gradually they are placing more attempts to battle and win the competition. Incredibly out of 12 sportsmen seven went to finally and 4 sportsmen including my sibling was chosen for the first badge of Silat group in Singapore Sport School. Inspiration element was performed by Mr Edger providing my interest in Psychology in sports. With the techniques and guide which I used back then, and the element that I discovered right now help me to improve and evaluate the scenario better in the future. In this element I discovered to determine motivation and its element, route of attempt describe an individual search for out and techniques for certain scenarios and notice an individual attempt in a particular scenario. Beside determine the motivational element the guide for building up motivation are so useful to follow such as inner attributes, understand their purpose participation, framework the scenario, identify the crucial part and to modify the contribution purposes. With this guide I may evaluate the aspects that may be easier to modify. Not just motivation, accomplishment and objective successful can performed into the motivation method. Without accomplishment and objective successful, no point to encourage an individual without their objective, if the individual concentrates on their objective it may easier to encourage the individual, as such self improve and social evaluation may apply to the individual. We should impact the accomplishment motivation of the individual and create the environment to improve their accomplishment and deal with of being vulnerable. I get to know that the best to do is to acknowledge interaction impacts on accomplishment motivation. To focus their objectives and result objectives is for tracking and provide appropriate reviews. I discovered the expertise of conversation with the sportsman when it is appropriate to contend and evaluate the individual culturally. Most of all is to look at their self recommended concentrate, control and accomplish the understanding of proficiency. CHAPTER 4 AROUSAL, STRESS AND ANXIETY In this chapter, I had learned to define the arousal, stress and anxiety. Stress was the process of our mind cant think successfully between physical and psychological. And there are few methods to process type of stress and discrepancy between physical and psychology of the person. In my practical knowledge, I experienced the advanced stage of stress where I was appointed doing the deployment for the first time and end up lead me to headaches. After Mr Edgar explains the said chapter arousal, stress and anxiety, I had completely understood of the explanations and to take note some of the notes for our reflection, beside that I did do some research on the internet to make me understand better. I did list the key point from Mr Edgar and internet forum Generally arousal is a psychological activity. Anxiety will be the opposite of it which is a negative psychological condition with emotions of fear, anxiety and worry that is associated with the initial of the body. Stress is a discrepancy between that requirement that someones emotions of capabilities to meet that requirement, when failing of these requirements has essential repercussions. Some situations produce more condition anxiety and arousal than others. Stress is also impacted by character tendencies. An individual with great feature anxiety, low respect, and great social body anxiety encounter more condition than others. Problem posits that as long as there are reduced concepts of stress, then performance will be best at a method level of actual stimulation. If there is advanced stage of nervous ideas, performance will be better as a method stage of actual stimulation but will instantly fall off and become useless. There is a splitting point when performance reduces considerably. Reversal Concept posits that the way that stimulation impacts performance relies on an individuals presentation of their stimulation. Arousal can be considered as enjoyable and interesting and as distressing and nervous. Arousal that is thought to be enjoyable helps performance, and vice versa for bad stimulation. Anxiety direction and intensity declares that how someone recognizes their own anxiety is essential for knowing the connection of their stores to their performance. Both the individuals intensity and direction have to be considered. Therefore, anxiety as helpful results in better performance. CHAPTER 6 FEEDBACK, REINFORCEMENT AND INTRINSIC MOTIVATION In feedback, reinforcement and intrinsic motivation, I manage to understand the most principle, techniques to impact behaviour and most of all is the guide for using good encouragement. As for the concepts of reinforcement there is complicated person that responds in a different way to the same encouragement and may not be able to do it again in preferred behaviour, and receive different the reinforcers in different situation. Although some coachs still uses risks of penalties as their primary motivational tool, a good approach coach is recommended for dealing with an athlete or directly offers an important compensate. Back then, studying and ongoing immediate encouragement is suitable, however sporadic encouragement is more effective these days. Difficult skills, can shape the behaviour of the athletes by strengthening close approximation of the preferred behaviour. To offer performance reviews, knowledge is the outcome to help people improve performance by offer specific reviews regarding the correctness of their reaction and by improving their inspiration. Potential to the disadvantage of our penalties and critique include arousing fear of failing and implement unwanted behaviour and shame which effecting the studying of expertise. As we know and research has made, a person was being paid for operating on an interesting activity can reduce a persons intrinsic motivation for the activity. To understand a compensate is crucial in identifying whether the compensate will improve or reduce intrinsic motivation. The benefits that people understand as managing their behaviour or two indicating that they are not qualified and reduce their intrinsic motivation. Rewards that highlight the informative element and offer good feedback about proficiency improve their intrinsic motivation. A grants sportsman can either reduce or improve athlete level of intrinsic motivation, based on which is more highlighted to control or informative element. In major competition such as Olympic, Sea Games and World Tournament generally athlete may success and tends to improve their intrinsic motivation and most athlete results to fail and tend to reduce their intrinsic motivation and it is determined by the athlete to pay attention to successful or too unsuccessful to the competition. In the flow the condition may contain many of the common elements, but a key of the element which balance between individual capabilities and task. Few factors such as confidence, maximum arousal and concentrate might help us to achieve the flow state. Beside that there is an effect of flow which can we prevent such as self crucial mind-set, diversion and lack of preparation, so psychological skill training has to be practiced in order to get the flow right. CHAPTER 7 GROUP AND TEAM DYNAMICS On chapter 7, in group team dynamic I had managed to identify two types of different roles which common uses in the team, as for coach and team captain they were dictated by the structure of the management and informal rules that evolve from the dynamic group. Depend its how was the group structure on each interaction of the members, group roles and group norms was the two important structural characteristics in each team. Each rule consists of the behaviour which required of the person to occupying the same position in the group. Belief, performance and patterns of behaviours are the norms level of each group that exist on the earth. To create effectiveness of the team climate, the team should develop how players to perceive the interrelationships between their group members to prevent a critical factor which affecting the team climate. For example fairness and social support might affect the team climate and performance. Moderately, individual skill is related to success in individual team especially for high level performance team which critically for each player to have a greater contribution in the future, in other ways video media recording one of the methods to help players identify their mistake and make them understand their individual roles and giving the player effort to make a massive contribution in the upcoming event. In social loafing concept, what I understand within my group sometime will put less effort as we had losses the motivation within us and that was the phenomenon with all group athletes. Sometimes there was a division of their responsibility to pick up the slack. The individual most often cannot be independent to evaluate the task that is perceived to be meaningful, some personal involvement the task are low which impossible to compare with group standard. Contributing to collective effort are strangers than teammates are seen as high in ability and some contribution outcome is redundant to some athlete or group. There is a principle to which sport team to au fait with. They have to begin with a pre briefing, to discuss their weakness and their strength, and they have to set a goal of their achievement every game or level they played on. In order to get their respective goal or achievement the team have to undergo cross training, research has made and proven that cross training are effective to apply for. In this training, the team able to manage their pressure level and giving the task of their individual athlete. In every team communication is the most important asset to bond the team, in closed loop communication training team member is taught with basic communication, collect information and make decisions in a short period of time. Communication is very important to those athletes that under pressure which other teammates may help to ease down the pressure. In adaptation in the team, I use to have the feeling whereby I first joined the Silat National Team in 2001, I feel so left out which I dont know who I want to speak to, however session by session I manage to get into the team and the band are getting better after my first international competition with them. Sometimes, my teammates told me which of my area that I need to improve on and I have to correct myself in every session of my training, a part of it I do consult my coach regarding my performance in the training. I feel so satisfied when my coach praises me and my team. CHAPTER 8 GROUP COHESION In this chapter, I have opportunities to understand the cohesiveness which group member had a same mindset and together to achieve the common goal and objective. In my view that I must have a good leader with high expectation of goal in a team. As he may bring the team strive to achieve the common goal. To boost the team cohesiveness, the team can design their own logo or motto of their team for their vision target. My experience in the group cohesion, back then in 2001 when I was in National Team, my team will make an event or vocation after the competition such as Picnic or had dinner together and maybe went for holiday, irregardless whether the athlete didnt deliver the medal to Singapore, first and foremost not the glory that we bring into but the effort that we put into the team that show us that we are bonding together, when our athlete was in the arena to fight with the opponent we as a team give 110% of support to him as I and the team have the same mission as he did which bring back medal for Singapore. In this group cohesion, the team tendencies to stick together as the team have the same objective and goal toward the competition and had a good interpersonal attraction among the team members. However before I had a flow of my group members, before the hand number of my team members had clashed with one another, conflict of task with our captain, some of the team members are struggling for the power of being a captain, with all this problem our team member had a severe breakdown communication. After we bring up the issue to our coaches, I can see the team trying to gain the vision which they had left out in the beginning of their mission and the team members has shared their goal and objective which they trying to achieve on it. Im so glad that our coaches make an immediate action to resolve the conflicts which we had brought up earlier before condition getting worse. After the incident, the team willing to help the group members whenever they were needed. To get the group more cohesive, they must have good influence on individual members to get the group norms. The higher the cohesion is the better the team can resist disruption than the lower cohesion. The team may stay longer and tend to be much more cohesion which can lead to improvement in their performance and lower possibility the athlete to be dropped from the team and the team leader have to play apart to increase the team cohesiveness. Group cohesion not only for an athlete or sport, I can then see the cohesion in my current workplace. I was appointed as a team leader in Aetos Auxiliary Police in Changi Prison Clusters. I lead 60 officers who come from Malaysia and our local, my challenge as a team leader was tough for the first week to forming them together. I fine day I decided to divide them into two groups and organize a team retreat, as my first intention was to relieve myself and my team. Subsequently after the two days of my team retreat, as my team has started to work on the following day, they started to communicate between them and I can see the cohesion among them getting stronger on each day. CHAPTER 9 LEADERSHIP This chapter on leadership is relevant to my current job scope. The team leader is a challenging job to execute, some will declare that it is homogenous job. Those in the leadership role knew that it is a noble job, as for leader we have to work tirelessly to keep our officer in standard discipline. By any measure, the leadership skills are of a world-class standard, and we are proud to acquire those skills inside us and contributed to our organization. The leadership is nothing without my fellow officers. Of course, I was tasked to lead a team of 60 officers comprising Malaysians and Singaporeans and I have to maintain high standards of discipline, and a firm stand on them. For the successful officer, I offer them an extraordinary deployment in the service which leads them to the next level and at the same time I will impart the leadership skill to the officer. I am honoured to be working with the Aetos Auxiliary Police, which allowed me to excel. My leadership career has been an excellent experience in the organization. I had started, like everyone else, as a Police Constable and man on the ground to further increase my confidence to do my best for my organization. Subsequently I was promoted to Corporal and was appointed as an assistant team leader and several years involved in various types of assignment. By 2010, I promptly did my best for my performance and was appointed as full team leader and authorize to approve leave and other management level documentation and it was my life-changing experience. I was tasked to set up and involve new Aetos Auxiliary police officers to take over from the Cisco Auxiliary Police at Changi Prison Complex. The few years I was in command of Cluster A in Changi Prison Complex, I had encountered volatile group performances which resulted in my reputation being jeopardized, however I manage to maintain the reputation and dignity of my subordinate as Aetos Auxiliary Police have. As Leaders, they are able to influence Subordinate and peers toward their objective, by establishing interpersonal relationship and motivation toward their men. Every leader understood the needs of the team and the Leaders have to provide direction and resources to accomplish it. First and foremost we have to manage the planning, organizing and scheduling. As a great leader they have to possess a set of universal personality traits that are essential for effective leadership such as benevolent, far sightedness and firm. Successful leader always characterizes a universal set of behaviours and establish the way of approach in each behaviour of the individuals. Sport leadership will rely on how well the latter behaviour such as required, preferred and actual, and also we have to study the characteristic of the history of the situation. The leader should have a positive outcome and better view of their team performance. CHAPTER 15 GOAL SETTING After having studied in chapter 15 Goal Setting or aim for actions, there is some useful type of goal that can be used, self comparisons for improvement themselves, action lead to improved performance and to surpassing others, it can be useful for this type of goal and I get to know when to focus on each goal and not devoting to one attention at outcome goals. With an objective goal is the desire to attain a specific standard on a task within a specified time. By understanding of outcome goals, we have to focus on victory in any competitive and set a standard based on ones own previous performances and not the performance of others. Every goal setting is an extremely powerful method for enhancing performance if we implemented correctly, if the athlete had set the outcome goal some performance should set by the individual which to process goals that lead for that outcome, eventually in general specific goals are more effective to produce a change in behavioural. I did make a research on goal setting, my research shown that some goal setting demonstrates that same goal are a powerful which can affect a human behaviour change, regardless directly or indirectly. Some goal can influence the behaviour directly by bringing the athletic performer to elements the skill or task. Motivation mood might increase to achieve and to set their goal and persistence and can develop new learning strategies. This psychological factor such as self confidence, anxiety and satisfaction might change if the goals they set might not achieve it as such the goal may influence the behaviour indirectly. Goal setting principle includes developing helpful kind of goals, specifically, moderately difficult but realistic both short and long term, both practice and competition and both performance and process goals. Some other principles of effective goal setting are recording the goals, developing concomitant goal achievement strategies, considering a participants personality and motivation, fostering commitment to goals, providing support to the goal setter and providing evaluation and feedback of performance toward goals. Well I touched on my experience on my goal setting in the year of 2008. I never had any gold medal in my Overseas International Silat competition before. After I get to know that, in June 2009 theres another International State Competition which host by Malaysia. Im looking forward for the competition as my goal was to get a Gold Medal before the of 2010. In 2009, after one year I undergo my hard time training for the competition, we fly off to Malaysia. Once I reached my hotel, I met my ex-opponent from Vietnam which I being defeated by him once, I almost wanted to drop my goal setting after seeing my ex-opponent, however my coach approaches me and gave me a word of encouragement to me. In fact, I told myself that I trained hard enough to win this competition. My next stage result stated that I will fight against Vietnam in my semi final, eventually I won the semi final and qualified for the final stage. On the day of my final, I told myself that one more fight to go to achieve my goal even though my leg was injured, the pain disappeared as my focus for my goal. I fight ferociously till the final bell was ringing, and I won the final and achieve my goal for the year of 2009. CHAPTER 13 IMAGERY I would never, under any situation I can currently imagine to adapt the concept of imagery in Silat. I first started playing Silat in 1998, and the only way to win was to defeat the opponent. The number of years Ive played Silat and Ive been in several competitions as far as I can tell, the most memorable of my entire life. So this is something I most value, more than I probably should. I actually disagree with the session of imagery in Silat, I think theres nothing cool about thinking over the fantasy in Silat. The imagery Silat session has increased my enjoyment of the Silat training and Ill never stop practicing. But sometimes you have to love something you do in order to see the result. At first I am uncomfortable with the way the imagery Silat session was conducted as I always train with the live person but in this session the coach trained us using our mind which. When I started in 2001, at the time only a handful of people knew what is was. The people who wanted to try this activity find a little weird to begin with. But now almost the athlete practice every now and then. This is the only way the athlete to interact with the coach or manager on a week-to-week training. There is a large, ever-expanding type of athlete who cannot remember a connection to Silat that did not involve owning of skill who work on their personal behalf. Imagery helps me to prepare myself for competition and is actually a very easy tool for me to develop and use.   There is no wrong or right way to use imagery, I usually like to think about my success at night before I sleep and before my games started, and sometimes I prefer spending a few moments inside dressing room or in the locker room thinking about my planning and strategies of fight before the game.   One of the sessions I like most was using imagery methods with Silat traditional music, whereby we had to create the visual in our mind and put ourselves in those days where the Malay warrior was around. Our coach told us to pretend that we are one of the warriors and fight with the opponent, the imagery takes 10 15 minutes long and same goes to the music. After the imagery session done, I feel that I am going to the war and I was in the era of my warrior. In between of the imagery session, when my mind visualises the move of kicking or punching, my either of my hands or legs will reflect into the situation. On my finding, just about any way we can incorporate mental preparation will ultimately help my performance, and with imagery I can repeatedly see with my mind about my success in the future, its actually can strengthen my neural connections in my brain leading to better muscle memory. The best mindset to be in, when my mind and my body are at  peace or relax condition where I dont have to think so much about what to do next, but I have to react to the situation.   I always keep in my mind in most sports which I do not have to think through the situations and making muscle memory a very important aspect of every athletic success. CHAPTER 12 AROUSAL REGULATION In this chapter I had no idea what to reflect on this paper, but I did do some research on the Arousal Regulation. An individual failure or success in the performance arena often lies in the capability of the person to be mentally fit. There are many aspects that impact an individual psychological health and fitness, such as wellness, enjoyment, confidence, arousal and exterior pressure, focus, attitude and planning. The details below, written by a Sport Psychotherapist, will give you the specific details to achieving the maximum arousal stages during their performance. Arousal is a term generally used in sport and exercise science to explain an athletes level of psychological and exercising. Many things can affect an athletes level of arousal, such as performance objectives, negative thinking and self-doubt, planning and preparedness, general life of pressure, as well as exterior aspects such as varying weather conditions, facilities, and viewers. Arousal gets considerable attention from the trainers, and sport researchers because its one of the most highly effective aspects affecting contribution as well as performance. Over the decades, sport specialists have applied a number of concepts to explain the relationship between arousal. One of the most widely used designs is known as the Inverted-U Hypothesis. The concept is that when a persons excitement level is low and the performance might also lower. The body and mind arent energized and prepared to deal with the requirements of performance. As arousal stage improves, performance improves up to maximum factor. However, when arousal improves past this maximum factor to a very advanced level, a person begins to experience anxious and predicted to decline. It has been proven that high exercising inhibits the bodys capability to perform muscles stiff and become tight, synchronisation and skills break down, and early exhaustion sets in. Furthermore, increased psychological action makes it difficult to concentrate and think positively, and start feeling confident. Consequently, sport and work out artists encounter the constant task of trying to keep their excitement at the maximum stage to encounter optimum performance. The thing is, each persons maximum arousal stage is different. Furthermore, each sport has a different maximum arousal zone. With encounter, tracking and some help from an activity psychotherapist, most sports and workout artists can discover and learn to control their maximum arousal stages. Its a wise decision to trial several different techniques over a time period. After each operation, keep a track record of the procedures you used and rate your arousal stage on a scale of 1-10. The goal is to try to discover the techniques that help you to reach your maximum arousal stage and accomplish optimum performance. Sport Psychotherapist Dr Tarah Kavanagh brings together over 20 years encounter as an athlete, trainer, and sport psychologist to clubs, national sporting organizations, sports development, schools, colleges and universities. She has an amazing understanding of the health and fitness, and health industry, its requirements and the complex aspects that impact performance and wellness. CHAPTER 16 CONCENTRATION This is my experience for this chapter, Concentrate! Focus on your game! I always hear my coach and teammates repeatedly saying this over and over again. My ability to maintain concentration while Im in the fight, the pressure of the game is critical for the best performance of me. If I lose my focus to a sell-out crowd shouting and cheering, distracting competitor and nagging self doubt, Im not only battling with my opponents, but Im battling myself. Although I may not always be able to eliminate the distractions, to be successful athletes I shall take control of my performance by preventing out needless disruptions while addressing important cues or instruction. To make use of the information I must determine which of these four styles my strengths are and which styles I need additional assistance to develop my concentration. In my research I found every athlete has their own strong points and weaknesses some athlete are excellent at one skill and poor on the others, while other athlete may be somewhat experienced in all dimensions. In general, I find that athletes in closed skill sports tend to use an arrow internal focus. Closed skill sports include sports such as swimming and diving that dont have to react to the changing environment. In that case we have to concentrate their weakness and strength. For the most part they compete against themselves and are in control of the situation. Because swimmer and divers competition environment is rather static, they need to be more aware of their body and overall energy management. Therefore, closed skill athletes should tend to have a more narrow-internal attentional focus. This is in contrast to attentional styles of athletes in open skilled sports such as soccer and tennis where the environment is constantly changing, causing the athletes need to evaluate and re-evaluate the situation and then react. Open skill athletes tend to use broad-external attentional skills more often than closed skill athletes do. The othe

John Heartfield :: Essays Papers

John Singer Sargent Recognized as the leading portraitist in England and the United States at the turn of the century, John Singer Sargent was acclaimed for his elegant and very stylish depictions of high society. Known for his technical ability, he shunned traditional academic precepts in favor of a modern approach towards technique, color and form, thereby making his own special contribution to the history of grand manner portraiture. A true cosmopolite, he was also a painter of plain air landscapes and genre scenes, drawing his subjects from such diverse locales as England, France, Italy and Switzerland. In so doing, Sargent also played a vital role in the history of British and American Impressionism. Sargent was born in Florence in 1856. He was the first child of Dr. Fitzwilliam Sargent, a surgeon from an old New England family, and Mary Newbold Singer, the daughter of a Philadelphia merchant. His parents were among the many prosperous Americans who adopted an outcast-like lifestyle during the later nineteenth century. Indeed, Sargent’s family traveled constantly throughout the Continent and in England, a mode of living that enriched Sargent both culturally and socially. He ultimately became fluent in French, Italian and German, in addition to English. Having developed an interest in drawing as a boy, Sargent received his earliest formal instruction in Rome in 1869, where he was taught by the German-American landscape painter Carl Welsch. Following this, he attended the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence during 1873-74. In the spring of 1874, Sargent’s family moved to Paris, enabling him to continue his training there. He soon entered the studio of Charles-Emile-Auguste Carolus-Duran. In contrast to most French academic painters, Carolus-Duran taught his students to paint directly on the canvas, capturing the essence of his subject through relaxed brushwork, a tonal palette and strong chiaroscuro. Although Sargent also spent four years studying drawing under Là ©on Bonnat at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, it was Carolus-Duran’s approach that would form the aesthetic basis of his style. Upon his teacher’s advice, Sargent also traveled to Spain and Holland to study the work of old master painters such as Diego Velà ¡zquez and Frans Hals, both of whom also employed skilled, fluid techniques.

The Truancy in Schools

Truancy is on the rise, and is a precursor to anti-social behavior. It can result from bullying, disaffection and ensuing alienation. Not every student can be academically minded, and though academic qualifications are one of the poorest indicators of potential, yet the imperative need of school education cannot be ignored. And staying in school is the first step to a good education. Truancy results in students losing the benefits of instruction, and the community ultimately suffers from an increase in juvenile crime. The problem can be resolved by a concerted combined effort. The first responsibility is of the concerned school. There has to be a combination of carrot and stick policy. While the counselors and peer groups would motivate, the fear of juvenile courts can be an effective deterrent. Peers have an affirmative influence on students' decision to play truant. One study reported that 84 percent of the interviewed truants said their friends skipped school. Anti truancy programs that expose truants to other peer groups and other methods of interaction may be effective in reducing truancy. The most successful way of countering the truancy can be a structured approach which: Involves parents in all truancy prevention activities. Parents play the fundamental role in the education of their children. It is critical that parents of truant children assume responsibility for truant behavior. Ensure that students face firm sanctions for truancy. Schools should communicate to their students that they have zero tolerance for truancy. Establish ongoing truancy prevention programs in school. Truancy can be caused by factors like drug use, violence at or near schools, association with truant friends, lack of family support for regular attendance, etc. Involve local law enforcement in truancy reduction efforts. The school officials should establish close linkages with local police, probation officers, and juvenile and family court officials This integrated concerted approach can counter and solve the problem of truancy that is symptomatic of a social malaise.

Changing Rights and Freedoms Essay

The rights and freedoms of Aboriginal people changed significantly between the years 1945 and 2000. The Australian government put in place polices of protection, assimilation, integration and self determination which disempowered Aboriginal people and severely affected their rights and freedoms. The policy of protection effected many Aboriginals rights and freedoms. They were treated unfairly, procrastinated on every move they made and were forced to be educated in the â€Å"white ways†. As white people were â€Å"protecting† Aboriginal people this policy was mainly brought about; racism, discrimination and loss of Aboriginal culture. This meant that at anytime any Aborigine could be separated from their families and moved onto a mission or reserve, would need permission from the government to marry a white person, could not vote and traditional dancing and ceremonies were often forbidden. Through the policy of protection Source C can relate through the quote, † When we were growing up, you weren’t allowed to do a lot of things†¦ Any time you did anything you’d go before the superintendent†. As these words were said by Noel Blair we can say that this policy had a very negative effect on the Aboriginals Rights and Freedoms. The Policy of assimilation also changed the Rights and Freedoms of Aboriginal people. This policy of assimilation meant that aboriginal people were encouraged to give up their tradition lifestyle and to absorb the culture of â€Å"white people†. The Stolen Generation was a major cause to this assimilation where children were forcibly removed from their homes and families, moved into institutions and finally adopted into a white persons home. Another aspect of the Assimilation policy was that Aborigines had the lack of right in Citizenship and were not recognised as citizens. After the Second World War they were counted as citizens if they applied for a certificate. As Aborigines were thankful to be Citizens, any Aborigine having that certificate or wanting to vote had to give up the Indigenous community. In Source D it is stated that, † As part of the policies from 1913 to 1969 many thousands of Aboriginal children were taken from their parents†. This shows the insecurity Aboriginal people had on their lives and families. As the rights of Aborigines continued to change, Assimilation was replaced by the policy of Integration in 1965. For the first time Aboriginal people had the right of way to say how their lives were run. This was a positive for Aborigines which gave them a drive to change the inequalities being experienced by Aboriginal people. This changed aboriginals for the better and allowed them to vote in Federal elections in 1962, the Freedom Rides of 1965 and the 1967 Referendum. Source B shows us an article of ‘Memories of Patricia O’Shane’, 4this source is a good example of Aboriginal people fighting for their rights and not having specific laws or restrictions on them. As the Aboriginals were finally allowed to vote in Federal elections in 1962, the Freedom Rides of 1965 and the 1967 Referendum, these were some major gains for them during this time. In 1972, the government introduced the policy of self-determination. This was a policy aimed at having Aboriginal communities taking part in decisions that affected their lives. During this time Aboriginal people continued to fight for their lost rights and freedoms. Self-determination was a major step towards Aboriginal people having the same rights and freedoms as those enjoyed by white Australians. One of the main reasons self-determination became fore front of the government policy was because the Whitlam government recognised that a multicultural society was much more achievable and beneficial for Australia, Also wanting all groups of culture to be treated equally. As people wanted to destroy Aboriginal culture, the Federal government encouraged people to accept it and schools began to teach Aboriginal culture and history to both indigenous and white children. In conclusion we can see that the Aboriginal government practiced policies which controlled and restricted the rights and freedoms of Aboriginal people. Through their place polices of protection, assimilation, integration and self determination we were able to look into the minds of the Aboriginal people and to see how their lives effected them and their culture.

Free Essays on Colored People

Colored People Henry Louis Gates Jr,’s â€Å"Colored People† is a memoir that follows the life of Gates in his home town of Piedmont, West Virginia during a time of transition between the old, segregated world and the new, integrated one. As Gates matures, he goes through a cycle of cultural identity changes. His cycle would best be described by Cross’ conversion experience model. The stages of this model go in a certain order beginning with pre-encounter, encounter, immersion, internalization, and commitment. Gates is able to overcome the beginning stages that deal with prejudice and discrimination to become a successful colored person not only with his career, but also in the sense of gaining his personal identity. The pre-encounter stage begins early in life when a black child associates beauty with the white culture. As Gates describes, â€Å"I first got to know white people as â€Å"people† through their flickering images on television shows†(Gates, 1994, p.20). Gates becomes obsessed with the white culture through television shows like Leave it to Beaver where he believes that the â€Å"perfect† family should be like the Beaver family. When the local schools integrated in 1955, Gates begins the first grade and becomes even more engrossed with the white culture. School is seen as the only non-segregated place in Piedmont. He is picked to excel in school unlike most other black children his age, and is treated more than equally by his teachers. Gates’ impression of white people becomes more optimistic when he develops a crush on a white girl named Linda. Her affection towards Gates diminishes the older she gets and begins to develop a racist attitude becaus e of the people surrounding her. The encounter stage of the model deals with an encounter that a black person has that is associated with racism and begins to doubt their pre-encounter stage. Gates’ first experience with racism is when he sees Mr. Frank Price... Free Essays on Colored People Free Essays on Colored People Colored People Henry Louis Gates Jr,’s â€Å"Colored People† is a memoir that follows the life of Gates in his home town of Piedmont, West Virginia during a time of transition between the old, segregated world and the new, integrated one. As Gates matures, he goes through a cycle of cultural identity changes. His cycle would best be described by Cross’ conversion experience model. The stages of this model go in a certain order beginning with pre-encounter, encounter, immersion, internalization, and commitment. Gates is able to overcome the beginning stages that deal with prejudice and discrimination to become a successful colored person not only with his career, but also in the sense of gaining his personal identity. The pre-encounter stage begins early in life when a black child associates beauty with the white culture. As Gates describes, â€Å"I first got to know white people as â€Å"people† through their flickering images on television shows†(Gates, 1994, p.20). Gates becomes obsessed with the white culture through television shows like Leave it to Beaver where he believes that the â€Å"perfect† family should be like the Beaver family. When the local schools integrated in 1955, Gates begins the first grade and becomes even more engrossed with the white culture. School is seen as the only non-segregated place in Piedmont. He is picked to excel in school unlike most other black children his age, and is treated more than equally by his teachers. Gates’ impression of white people becomes more optimistic when he develops a crush on a white girl named Linda. Her affection towards Gates diminishes the older she gets and begins to develop a racist attitude becaus e of the people surrounding her. The encounter stage of the model deals with an encounter that a black person has that is associated with racism and begins to doubt their pre-encounter stage. Gates’ first experience with racism is when he sees Mr. Frank Price...

How does Act 3 Scene 1 create and increase the dramatic tension leading to the end of the play Essays

How does Act 3 Scene 1 create and increase the dramatic tension leading to the end of the play Essays How does Act 3 Scene 1 create and increase the dramatic tension leading to the end of the play Essay How does Act 3 Scene 1 create and increase the dramatic tension leading to the end of the play Essay Shakespeare, soon to become the worlds most famous playwright, was in his peak of playwriting abilities during 1593 when he wrote Romeo and Juliet. He wrote to entertain in the Rose Theatre, Bankside in London. At that time London was a lively, highly populated place where aspiring writers and entertainers may go to claim their fortunes and in many ways still is. William Shakespeare had many rivals and obstacles to overcome and was living life on the edge.The Master of the Revels was able to shut down theatres at the strike of a pen as it was seen to be unholy to go to the theatre and many other writers also hoped for success, one of them being Christopher Marlowe. Romeo and Juliet was Shakespeares first play that was exciting enough to really rival Marlowe, mainly because it includes, portrays and expresses basic and important emotions such as love, passion and violence which are still felt strongly to this day. This is one of the reasons it is studied, watched and respected in the twenty first century.Romeo and Juliet is set in sixteenth century Italy in fair Verona. The play is set around two rival high status families from which two opposing star crossed lovers take their life. The families are typical of high status Italian families we hear about today: always feuding, outgoing, loud, strong minded and very quick tempered. In many ways these families are the roots of the modern mafia. This intertextuality already increases the dramatic tension. Many characters are involved in the play and they stand for different binary oppositions: Benvolio is a peaceful person, I do but keep the peace whereas the fiery Tybalt is a very violent and hot headed person, what, drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word.However some characters are very similar such as Mercutio and Tybalt; they are both quick witted, volatile and both resort to violence which is shown before they meet making the audience (in sixteenth century theatre the audience were entertained most by violence and sex) excited at the prospect of the two most violent people in the play who happen to be enemies meeting; also increasing the dramatic tension. Another aspect increasing the dramatic tension is in the prologue it states where civil blood makes civil blood unclean. The audience will have experienced a public brawl in which no-one was killed which also resulted in a warning from the prince that anymore public fighting will result in death, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. This will leave the audience wondering when death will result, keeping the audience involved and anticipating this event.Another Event that increases the dramatic tension is in Act 2 scene 6 Romeo and Juliet get secretly married, Come, come with me, and we will make short work, For by your leaves, you shall not stay alone till holy church incorporate into one., creating dramatic irony as only us, Romeo, Juliet, Friar Lawrence and the Nurse know about it. This dramatic irony comes into play effectiv ely during Act 3 scene 1 when Tybalt confronts Romeo.During Act 3 scene 1 Tybalt approaches the Montague and Mercutio looking for Romeo. The day is hot, the capels abroad, and if we meet shall not scape a brawl This reinforces Benvolios character as cautious and peaceful and also implies a fight will happen soon once the Capulets and the Montagues meet increasing the audiences expectations of the fatal confrontation, adding to the dramatic tension. When Tybalt arrives, the atmosphere changes and Benvolio warns By my head here comes the Capulets. To which Mercutio replies By my heel, I care not, showing Mercutios quick wit and his will for a fight although perhaps not a serious retort.In the play I feel that Mercutios line should be spoken slowly and confidently as it is one of the key lines in the play signifying a violent challenge may arise during or soon after this scene. The mood really changes when Tybalt and Mercutio start quarrelling, starting off with Tybalt provoking Mercut io by insulting him by suggesting he is homosexual with Romeo Mercutio, thou consortest with Romeo. Consort is an Elizabethan word meaning to keep company or to entertain. Mercutios response in my mind is very clever and quick witted as he turns the insult into a challenge to fight as he draws his sword as he describes as a fiddlestick, Consort? Dost thou make us minstrels?And thou make minstrels of us, look to hear nothing but discords. Heres my fiddlestick, heres that shall make you dance. Zounds, consort!. Dramatic tension is increased as the audience now fully expects a fight and may remember the princes warning. The similarities between Mercutio and Tybalt are now very clear but one difference is that Mercutio speaks in prose whereas Tybalt speaks in Poetry suggesting maybe that Tybalt is more sophisticated or Mercutio is in a mild rage unable to project his words clearly and Tybalt is more calm and confident.As Romeo enters dramatic irony adds to the ever increasing dramatic t ension because the audience remembers the secret marriage between him and Tybalts cousin Juliet. Tybalt immediately insults Romeo and challenges him but he refuses saying But love thee better than thou canst devise leaving Mercutio infuriated, O calm, dishonourable, vile submission!, and Tybalt confused. At this point the audience knows a fight will happen even if Romeo isnt involved. Mercutio then challenges Tybalt and they proceed to fight; Romeo tries to split up the brawl but this results in Mercutio being wounded. Tybalt then leaves. Mercutio jokes about his injury but clearly states that it is fatal Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man. Although he is still joking while he says thiscreating some relief for the audience using the word grave as a pun meaning both: a trench dug in the ground for the burial of a corpse and serious or sombre. And blames Romeo repeating A plaque aboth houses, leaving Romeo feeling guilty and feeling as though he has to avenge Merc utios certain death. Mercutio leaves before he dies, which could be for many reasons: he is a very popular character and the audience would be annoyed to see him die or simply maybe Shakespeare wouldnt have wanted too many bodies on stage.Dramatic tension is dramatically increased now as the audience has witnessed one death but feel as though another death will occur, seeing Romeo seeking revenge. Tybalt comes back finding Romeo challenging him showing a new side to Romeo. This shall determine that. They fight and eventually Romeo overcomes Tybalt and kills him. This is a totally new side to Romeo we havent seen yet as he has been portrayed as a gentleman and a peaceful person much like Benvolio.This is perhaps the turning point in the play as Romeos violent side has been exposed and leaves the audience wondering whether this is his true personality or whether it was a one off burst of rage. This turning point signifies the play is moving faster to the dramatic conclusion, building up the dramatic tension for later in the play. Romeo exclaims O, I am fortunes fool. before leaving. This I feel should be shouted as it truly expresses Romeo emotions and feelings at this present point in time and it signifies the involvement of fate which is mentioned before in the play.Romeo leaves just in time as the Prince arrives along with Lord Montague, Lord Capulet and their wives. The Prince decides that punishing Romeo with death would be un-necessary as enough lives have been taken already so instead he banishes Romeo from Verona but he if he returns he will be killed. And for that offence immediately do we exile him hence. This creates dramatic tension as it leaves the audience wondering what Romeo will do as he can either return to see Juliet and run the risk of being caught and killed or he can Stay away for Verona and not see his Juliet.During Act 3 Scene 1 the Elizabethan audience would have responded well because it was fast paced with lots of exits and entrances, violence and excitement. I personally feel that this is the most interesting and exciting scene as it unravels peoples true personalities and the dramatic tension is built up very well until two climactic fights.

You select the topic of your work. It must have a direct connection Essay

You select the topic of your work. It must have a direct connection - Essay Example The current governors can be competent leaders in the nation and their state. The challenge to incumbent is to mobilize the many resources that are available to them properly to pursue the responsibility entailed by their office today. Since the year 1985, the America state has made statutory and constitutional changes to grant governors more powers. Governors have more formal powers in the American government. To fulfill the roles given to them, governors must have a variety of resources, tools and powers at their disposal (Kousser & Justine 43). Some of these powers come from the office of the governor itself and are referred to us institutional or formal powers. In case the gubernatorial office provides limited formal powers, the governors turn to other available resources to succeed in his or her endeavors (Kousser & Justine 105). There are four aspects of formal powers that governors are provided for. First, there is the budget power which is the degree of state control in preparing the budget for the state. Second is the tenure potential which determines the length of the terms that the governors is eligible to be in office. Next is the power of appointment that provides him or her the gubernatorial control of appointing essential state administrators and finally they have the veto powers, which is the power to oppose any legislation that they don’t agree with. The branch of the executive is in charge of administering state laws whereby the governor is responsible for overseeing this process. For the governor to effectively carry out these responsibilities, he or she has to have a bigger say in the appointment of officers who are in charge of administering these laws. This power of appointment is an important asset for the governors. Recent research has shown that a state administrator who are directly appointed by the governor will more like respond to his or her political and administrative preference (Margaret 200)..

ME Discussion 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ME Discussion 3 - Essay Example Due to increase in price of crude oil which is the key element for inks manufacturing and technological advancements, the revenue of organizations has been severely impacted (Jailing, 2011). Considering the developments taking place at an accelerating rate worldwide in ink industry, the prices of these products will increase which will affect the demand of this product. For the company being reviewed, firm’s elasticity of demand for this product is elastic as increase in price will affect the demand of ink in digital printing industry. There is high demand of inks that are suitable for high value digital industry along with energy cured inks. The market for this ink comprises of packaging and commercial printing and publishing companies. In future i.e. next five years, it is expected that demand of sleek magazines and catalog will increase which will mean that there will be increase demand of ink systems that are energy curable along with usage of equipments for printing presses that are fast and automated. Two types of inks are gaining popularity i.e. water-based inks and vegetable oil based inks to support production of environmental friendly products so that ecological pollution can be minimized. It is expected that demand of digital inks will increase by 3.7% in next five years i.e. 2017 (Electronics Industry, 2012). The increase in demand is expected because of increasing requirement of technology that has in screen-printing feature, establishment of departments responsible for internal graphics that facilitate professional level of quality, computer usage will get tripled in future and in-house printing needs are being required both small and large scale companies. The digital inks segment will see acceleratin g growth in future because of exponential expansion of inkjet printing (Electronics Industry, 2012). Electronics Industry (2012, January 10). Global

Written critique power point presentation Essay

Written critique power point presentation - Essay Example The effectiveness of a presentation depends on the strength of the topic and also on the usability of the subject in the daily life of the people. The current presentation is done by a Community Resource Division Administrator which increases the credibility and authenticity of the written articulation. A presentation performed by an authoritative person brings about true facts and information related to the specific subject. The effectiveness of the presentation lies in the fact that , there is a brief introduction and also a statistical data coverage about housing ,which enhances the informative potentiality of the presentation. The presentation also reveals statistics and minute details regarding housing facts and homelessness, which allow the readers to understand about housing on a local and national level. The presentation primarily elaborates on the actions and programs delivered by housing authority in order to stabilize public life, and this highlights the purpose of presentation. The presentation clearly reflects the authority of the organization and also effortlessly projects the strength and contribution of them to the society, which makes it more very effective to the readers. Brevity is the correct usage of words and phrases in writing which enlarges the outlook and uniqueness of a presentation. This presentation has words which are very effective, simple and understandable. The phrases used projects the right meaning intended by the writer and the presenter has used the words in a calculative way to communicate the subject and message of the presentation .The points in the presentation about housing is precise and concise and the words and grammatical representation is up to the point. The flow of words is consistent and the meaning is directly absorbable by the readers. However, more of simplicity in language, words and phrases can underestimate the richness and communicative ability of the writer or the presentation

Economic Effects of Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economic Effects of Consumerism - Essay Example The purpose of any economic system should be to meet the basic inescapable demands of its members in an affordable and sustainable manner. However, when the aspect of consumerism comes into effect with its emphasis on conspicuous consumption, the system gets thrown out of gear. The production-consumption cycle becomes a vicious spiral that is difficult to break. Some of the economic effects of consumerism are: Planned Obsolescence / Dissatisfaction. Rather than striving for a state of equilibrium, consumerism dictates that there must be an exponential increase in demand. Hence the advent of the 'disposable' culture which is aimed at increasing demand, as well as sustaining it. This is coupled with advertising which creates a felt need where none existed before by projecting existing products obsolete. This encourages the viewers to 'junk' his old model and buy a new one. These two factors combined serve to promote consumerism to unhealthy levels, but at the same time promote growth and competitiveness. Environmental Effects. ... overcome these limits, most inventions and discoveries have sought to promote consumption rather than trying to rein in consumption in order to bring consumption (demand) and production (supply) into a state of equilibrium. The economic costs of environmental degradation are never factored in as they would make products un-competitive. Promote Inequality. The most glaring drawback of consumerism, however, is that it promotes inequality, by widening the gap between the world's rich, confined to a few countries and the world's poor, spread out all over the globe. "Globally, 20% of the world's people in highest-income countries account for 86% of total private consumption expenditure - the poorest 20% a miniscule 1.3% " (UNDP). As demonstrated by these figures, consumption is a game of the rich. Increased production therefore does not in any way help to ameliorate the plight of the poor, but rather to satisfy the egos of the rich. In economic terms such a pattern is un-sustainable in the long term and will only result in a social revolution. Since the effects of consumption drive most economies world-wide its effects are also global in nature. The ill-effects of consumerism are well-known and documented; but economic imperatives often over-ride more pragmatic considerations in attempts to move towards a sustainable economic model. Consumerism though promoting growth is nevertheless, not only undermining the environmental resource base but it is also exacerbating inequalities. References Shah Anup, Behind Consumption and Consumerism. Retrieved from www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Consumption.asp United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report 1998 Overview Wikipedia, Consumerism. Retrieved from

Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Latin America - Essay Example In addition, thousands of people moved in to work on the projects, an aspect which further led to degraded environment and global warming. The subdivision of land led to reduced food, turning small holder’s farmers into peasants ( Hobbs, 2008). Mining areas degraded farming lands and destroyed the natural environment for micro-organisms. These developments were both for worse and better of the region. For worse, the natural environment had been destroyed and better, it lead to production of minerals which spurred economic growth. Initially, the entire Latin America was under colonial government which also had many interests in the region. It had an America based United Fruit company which functioned as a unifying factor in the region. The Company owned large tracts of land which covered or spilled in nearly all countries in Latin America. This means that Latin America during colonial time was actually treated like one region geographically ( Hobbs, 2008). As such, the company and thus, the United States had a lot of influence on the regional politics. However, local leaders started changing laws governing land. For instance, the president of Guatemala, Arbenz developed land reform laws that were actually seen as a threat to the existence or interests of the American Based Fruit company. The president did not stay for long; he was ousted in 1954 by a group supported by CIA. This aspect disorganized the politics of the region. In fact, some of the countries in the region have not been so stable in terms of leadership. They also play second fiddle to the US when it comes to international trade treaties. What is more, its institutions have lacked behind of because of the unstable leadership. For instance, Mexico only started maximizing its petroleum potential in 2003, despite having discovered the mineral in 1960 ( Hobbs, 2008). Personally, I think the challenges faced by the region were instigated or triggered by the colonial government. For instance, most of

Leadership & Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Leadership & Motivation - Essay Example Employees accept transformational leadership, although some of its aspects within the company need reconsidering to improve both work performance, and financial stability and results. This will also mean that a good understanding is needed regarding the process of managing change within the company. My analysis at Southsea Engineering plc ascertained that many of the issues regarding leadership and motivation need to be analyzed in the prism of organizational change, which has been an ongoing process at Southsea over the years. When Rachel Southsea first headed the company, she introduced a range of organizational changes at all company levels. These changes proved to be not just simple structural reorganizations, but affected employees' attitudes and expectations, also their behaviour and dedication to the work processes. In other words, these novelties caused dramatic cultural changes and influenced the state of the psychological contract within the company. The psychological contract at Southsea plc, as defined by Schein (1978) represents "a set of unwritten reciprocal expectations between a single employee and the organization" (cited by Guest, 2003, p. 10). By the time Rachel Southsea headed the company, employees and even senior managers had an established positive psychological contract with clear expectations, presumably high degree of subjective employment security, and organizational commitment (Guest, 2003) within the "conservative structure" of an engineering company. Introducing new working approaches, such as relaxation of organizational controls caused confusion and irritation among senior managers, who felt that their expectations for their future within the company were no longer to be delivered (Guest, 2003). Release of control also influenced employees in that they felt insecure in the changing organizational environment, and exercised the freedom of not obeying to strict rules. Kurt Lewin, and later on Edgar Schein (1995, cited by Wirth R. 2004) defined this early stage of organizational change as "unfreezing", meaning removing old structures and cultural influences. As Schein ascertains, culture is deeply seated in people's minds (cited by Jossey-Bass, 1992) and change at Southsea Engineering plc was a difficult and time-consuming process. Senior management had to fight anxieties about the uncertain future. The duration and the intrusiveness of these changes made it difficult for employees to accept them and to adapt. The disrupted state of the psychological contract decreased employees' dedication, as they could not identify their role in the new organizational environment. This all lead to impaired work performance and financial results. It was by

Economic Effects of Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economic Effects of Consumerism - Essay Example The purpose of any economic system should be to meet the basic inescapable demands of its members in an affordable and sustainable manner. However, when the aspect of consumerism comes into effect with its emphasis on conspicuous consumption, the system gets thrown out of gear. The production-consumption cycle becomes a vicious spiral that is difficult to break. Some of the economic effects of consumerism are: Planned Obsolescence / Dissatisfaction. Rather than striving for a state of equilibrium, consumerism dictates that there must be an exponential increase in demand. Hence the advent of the 'disposable' culture which is aimed at increasing demand, as well as sustaining it. This is coupled with advertising which creates a felt need where none existed before by projecting existing products obsolete. This encourages the viewers to 'junk' his old model and buy a new one. These two factors combined serve to promote consumerism to unhealthy levels, but at the same time promote growth and competitiveness. Environmental Effects. ... overcome these limits, most inventions and discoveries have sought to promote consumption rather than trying to rein in consumption in order to bring consumption (demand) and production (supply) into a state of equilibrium. The economic costs of environmental degradation are never factored in as they would make products un-competitive. Promote Inequality. The most glaring drawback of consumerism, however, is that it promotes inequality, by widening the gap between the world's rich, confined to a few countries and the world's poor, spread out all over the globe. "Globally, 20% of the world's people in highest-income countries account for 86% of total private consumption expenditure - the poorest 20% a miniscule 1.3% " (UNDP). As demonstrated by these figures, consumption is a game of the rich. Increased production therefore does not in any way help to ameliorate the plight of the poor, but rather to satisfy the egos of the rich. In economic terms such a pattern is un-sustainable in the long term and will only result in a social revolution. Since the effects of consumption drive most economies world-wide its effects are also global in nature. The ill-effects of consumerism are well-known and documented; but economic imperatives often over-ride more pragmatic considerations in attempts to move towards a sustainable economic model. Consumerism though promoting growth is nevertheless, not only undermining the environmental resource base but it is also exacerbating inequalities. References Shah Anup, Behind Consumption and Consumerism. Retrieved from www.globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Consumption.asp United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report 1998 Overview Wikipedia, Consumerism. Retrieved from

Leadership & Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Leadership & Motivation - Essay Example Employees accept transformational leadership, although some of its aspects within the company need reconsidering to improve both work performance, and financial stability and results. This will also mean that a good understanding is needed regarding the process of managing change within the company. My analysis at Southsea Engineering plc ascertained that many of the issues regarding leadership and motivation need to be analyzed in the prism of organizational change, which has been an ongoing process at Southsea over the years. When Rachel Southsea first headed the company, she introduced a range of organizational changes at all company levels. These changes proved to be not just simple structural reorganizations, but affected employees' attitudes and expectations, also their behaviour and dedication to the work processes. In other words, these novelties caused dramatic cultural changes and influenced the state of the psychological contract within the company. The psychological contract at Southsea plc, as defined by Schein (1978) represents "a set of unwritten reciprocal expectations between a single employee and the organization" (cited by Guest, 2003, p. 10). By the time Rachel Southsea headed the company, employees and even senior managers had an established positive psychological contract with clear expectations, presumably high degree of subjective employment security, and organizational commitment (Guest, 2003) within the "conservative structure" of an engineering company. Introducing new working approaches, such as relaxation of organizational controls caused confusion and irritation among senior managers, who felt that their expectations for their future within the company were no longer to be delivered (Guest, 2003). Release of control also influenced employees in that they felt insecure in the changing organizational environment, and exercised the freedom of not obeying to strict rules. Kurt Lewin, and later on Edgar Schein (1995, cited by Wirth R. 2004) defined this early stage of organizational change as "unfreezing", meaning removing old structures and cultural influences. As Schein ascertains, culture is deeply seated in people's minds (cited by Jossey-Bass, 1992) and change at Southsea Engineering plc was a difficult and time-consuming process. Senior management had to fight anxieties about the uncertain future. The duration and the intrusiveness of these changes made it difficult for employees to accept them and to adapt. The disrupted state of the psychological contract decreased employees' dedication, as they could not identify their role in the new organizational environment. This all lead to impaired work performance and financial results. It was by

Pips Shadow Parents Essay Example for Free

Pips Shadow Parents Essay He then takes Pips hands, and causes him to be disorientated and feel very weak and vunerable. This is, again, like a metaphor for Pips whole world being shaken up and turned on his head, and he has control, he is pushed out of his comfort zone by this stranger, and so it creates a strange bond with him, because then Magwitch has total control over Pip. Magwitch exerts his new found control over the boy to pressure him into stealing for him, and if Pip fails this, the fate is death. The mention of death has a huge emotional impact on Pip. Magwitch also uses his eyes to great effect to scare Pip, intensifying his stare to pressure Pip even more. Dickens focuses on the eyes and hands in Great Expectations because they show the methods, which Magwitch uses, and the look in Magwitchs eyes reveals a lot about his desperate attitude. The BBC dramatization of this echoes this, because the actor who plays Magwitch uses his eyes to great extent, looking Pip all over, checking him out, and the whole scene is reproducted even down to the last detail. When Magwitch is led away in Chapter 5, we dont hear much about him until his return in Chapter 39. What we find out is that Magwitch was taken to Australia by the dreaded hulks and worked in sheep farming, and this is the source of Magwitchs money, which he uses to fund Pips journey to London, and to become a gentleman. However, when Magwitch is away in Australia, he sends Pip money, in other words, he is Pips benefactor. We find out this in chapter 39. Dickens plays with the idea that Pip has no idea where all this mysterious money is coming from, and it is quite amusing. A huge sum of around five hundred pounds (a huge amount of money in the 19th century) arrives for him via Jaggers in Chapter 36. Pip is still confused and thinks that it is Miss Havisham who sends him the money; however, Miss Havisham denies this fact. Miss Havisham, whom Pip first meets in Chapter 8, conveys herself as a mysterious character, who is sitting upon a great fortune, but who will not spend it. Miss Havisham, despite the fact she doesnt give Pip any money, still plays a major part in sending him to London. Miss Havisham acts as Pips shadow mother; because she gives him advice like a mother would give to her own son. Frequent visits to Satis House build up the relationship between Miss Havisham and Pip, and in addition to this, Pip and Estella, since their first meeting, grow more tolerant towards each other. Estella has treated Pip like dirt since their first meeting in Chapter 8. We know that there is a link between Compeyson and Pips shadow parents. Compeyson is Magwitchs arch enemy, since Compeyson split the beans and blamed all his misdemeanours on Magwich. Miss Havisham, as we discover in Chapter 42, reveals that Compeyson was the con-man who ruined Miss Havishams life by failing to show up at her wedding. The social class system in the mid-19th century was much stronger than it is today. There was a more obvious divide between the rich and the poor. Nowadays, it is less apparent. At the time Dickens is writing, it was easier to become a gentleman. Before the novel, the only way you could become a gentleman was to be born into a rich upper-class family, and brought up in decent surroundings. Pip was born in the working-class band and works his way to becoming a gentleman, aided along the way by Miss Havisham. Dickens writing style throughout the whole novel ends the novel on a cliff-hanger. The reason for this is because of the original format of the book. Great Expectations was published in a journal format (one chapter per journal) in a publication called All The Year Round from December 1, 1860 to August 3, 1861. The writing style is apparent throughout the whole novel. 1,207 words   English Coursework Mr Bacsich James Cull Page 1 08/05/2007 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations section.

Construction Management Procurement Route

Construction Management Procurement Route Cinnamon Grand is the privately owned large hotel chain in UK, they offer comfortable accommodation across the UK and are committed to preserving their rich heritage therefore they are very passionate about the outlook of their hotel buildings. A recent period of bad weather and severe storms has resulted in three Cinnamon Grand hotels being significantly destroyed in the south east of the UK. All destroyed hotel buildings are located in prime locations in town settings. The hotel management has decided to reconstruct the three hotels to a better quality than they were before with budget of  £120 million in two phases. I, Pattusamy Subramanian appointed as a main consultant by the client (cinnamon Grand) for the above projects, as a part of my role is to prepare a report to the client to advise on the most appropriate procurement route for the above project. Purpose of Procurement A Person or Company commissioning construction projects will require an end product which will satisfy their needs as to form a quality and which they can taken possession of the agreed time which they will obtain for a competitive price. It is important that procurement decisions are justifiable on the basis of documented facts and analysis. Soundly based decision involve a comprehensive exploration of a range of potential delivery models and procurement methods to determine the approach best suited to each project, by methodically exploring all available options, projects owners can ensure that opportunities for achieving increased value-for-money. Clients needs Client is very concern about the building features as they have strategy of adopting neglected landmark buildings and bring them back to their former magnificent look. In line with client policy on architectural significance and aesthetics of the buildings, client will invest a great deal of time, cost and effort to ensure that reconstruction is always sensitive and does not compromise the dignity of the buildings and services provided. The client planned to carry out the reconstruction works in two phases as follow; Phase 1: Requires the following areas to be handed over by 28th February 2015 and able to start work on 1st March 2014 (12months) and client Planned to re-opening on 1st April 2015. Roofs Guest rooms Restaurant Swimming pool Phase 2: the intension to enhance opportunities for health and well-being of the visitors through new facilities. The following facilities will be newly constructed under this phase. Dance studios Health and Fitness centre Conference and meeting rooms There are few key points need to consider from the client profile as follows; Client very experienced in renovation of neglected Heritage building. Client did not have an in-house executive to be actively involved in this project design and construction. Client wants to avoid the Project time and cost risks and looking for value for money. Analysis of Procurement route options There are four main key methods of established procurement routes available, each of those involving different types of contract, contractual relationship, information flow, roles and responsibilities with in the team. The Four key procurement routes are; Traditional Non-traditional Design and Build Construction Management Management Contracting 4.1 Traditional Procurement route In the traditional approach, the employer accepts that design work will generally separate from construction, consultants are appointed for design and cost control, and the contractor is responsible for carrying out the works. This responsibility extends to all workmanship and materials, and includes all work by subcontractors and suppliers. The contractor is usually appointed by competitive tendering on complete information, but may if necessary be appointed earlier by negotiation on the basis of partial on notional information. Advantages Accountability and Competitive equity as all tendering contractors bid on the same basis. Design lead and the client is able to have a direct influence which can facilitate a high level of functionality and improve the quality in the overall design. Price certainty at the award of the contract. Variations (changes) to the contract are relatively easy to arrange and manage. Traditional procurement route is very familiar in the market. Disadvantages Process time takes longer to produce the full contract documentation. Tenders documents from an incomplete design can be produced but can lead to less cost and time certainty and may lead to disputes. Overall project duration may be longer than other procurement methods as the strategy is sequential and construction can not be commenced prior to the completion of the design. No input into the project design by the contractor as they are not appointed during the design stage. Risks Cost risk is low due to lump sum contract. Time risk is medium due to fixed contract date but the same time contractor has right to claim extension if time. Quality/design risk is low as the majority of the works designed by consultant who is working for client directly. Suitability Traditional procurement route is not suitable for this project due to no time certainty. 4.2 Design and Build Procurement route Design and Build procurement contractor accepts responsibility for some or all of the design. There should be express reference to this in the contract, and the extent of design liability should always be set out as clearly as possible. Some design and build forms limit the design liability of the contractor to the normal professional duty to exercise reasonable care and skill. Independent consultants engaged by the contractor are therefore under a liability no greater than normal. If the contractor does not have in-house designers, which is often the case, and the contractor uses external consultants, their identity should be established before the tender is accepted. The clients requirements might be stated briefly and simply, perhaps little more than a site plan and schedule of accommodation. On the other hand, they may be a document of several hundred pages with precise specifications. The contractors input might be restricted to taking a scheme design supplied by the client and developing details and production information. It is however better to specify in terms of performance requirement rather than to prescribe in details, because this leaves the responsibility for design and selection with the contractor. With a design and build method, it is possible ensure a quicker start on site, and the close integration of design and build can result in more effective programming. Time, however, is needed by the clients consultant to prepare an adequate set of requirements, and time is needed to compare and evaluate the schemes from the competing tenderers. Once a contract is signed, any changes by the client can prove costly. Advantages Client has to deal with one firm and reduces the need to commit resources and time to contracting designers and contractors separately. Price certainty is obtained before construction commences as clients requirements are specified and changes are not introduced. Overlap of design and construction activities can reduce project time and improved constructability due to contractors input into the design. Disadvantages Difficulties can be experienced by clients in preparing an adequate and sufficiently comprehensive brief. Difficulty in comparing bids since each design will be different, project program will vary between bidders, and prices for the project will be different for each design. Client is required to commit to a concept design at an early stage, often before the detailed designs are complete and design liability is limited to the standard contracts that are available. Risks Cost risk is low due to lump sum contract. Time risk is low due to contractor fix the time and be committed to it. Quality/design risk is high as the contractor control the design limitation, the risks related to the capacity of the contractor to perform the task based on the design. Suitability Design and Build Procurement is most suitable for this project as its giving time and cost certainty and contractor is liable for the all the risks. 4.3 Construction Management Procurement route In construction management route, the construction manager engaged to advise the employer on fees basis. The employer directly involve in the contracts with various specialist contractors throughout the project life. The specilised contractors are direct communicating with employer to get clarification and instruction as this process is faster than the other procurement methods. The construction manager will be co-coordinating the design and construction programs and ensures that the specialist contract packages were considered properly. Through these arrangements, the employer is at substantial risk, however the final responsibility for these issues may be hang on to the employer, depending on the form of contract used. Advantages Potential time savings in overall projects as the design and construction activities are overlapped. Increased competition for construction work due to work packaging. Improved constructability through constructor input into the design. Roles, risks and responsibilities are clear to all parties Flexibility for changes in design. Disadvantages Price certainty is not achieved until the final works packages have been let. Informed and proactive client is required. Client must provide good quality brief to the design team as the design will not be complete until resources have been committed to the project. Close control required on time and information. Client loses direct control of design quality which is influenced by the constructor. Risks Cost risk is medium as it is unknown until the final package has been let. Time risk is medium as the responsible shared by several trade contractors works directly under client. Quality/design risk is low as the link between client, designers and contractors are close. Suitability Construction management procurement is not suitable for this project due to no cost and time certainty. 4.4 Management Contracting Procurement route Management Contracting and Construction Management procurement routes are similar. The only key difference is; In Management Contracts, the client entering into a contract agreement with management contractor who, in turn, contracts with the individual trade contractors. The client pays the cost of the works contracts as well as a management fee for the management services. In Construction Management, the client engaged construction manager on fee basis to arrange trade contractors and monitor them and the individual trade contractors direct contract agreement with the client. The advantages, disadvantages and risks are similar as above stated in the construction management. Suitability Management contracting procurement is not suitable for this project due to no cost and time certainty. Recommendation on appropriate procurement route After appraise through the various methods of procurement routes, considering the client requirements, client resources, project characteristics, project budget, project quality, delivery time and risk factors, I would like to recommend the Design and Build procurement route is an appropriate method for this project in this circumstances. The reasons to reject the other procurement routes are described in detail above and the summery as follow; Traditional procurement route is not suitable for this project due to no time certainty. Construction management and Management contracting procurement are not suitable for this project due to no cost and time certainty. Task 2 Option A Discuss the liability of Alexander contractor to the employer for the additional cost that the employer had to incur as a consequence of being required to employ a more expensive tenderer to carry out the construction project. Scenario given in relevant to Alexander contractor liability The Alexander contractors returned the tender document to the employer with conditions that it is open for acceptance for six weeks. Upon completing the tender review, the employer establishes that the Alexander contractor is its preferred tenderer. However, before the employer is able to write to the contractor to accept its offer, the Alexander contractor wrote to the employer stating that it is withdrawing its tender. Resolution General rules in the contracts There is no contract liability between the tenderer and the employer until the letter of offer is accepted, in the mean time the tenderer may withdraw the tender anytime before the issuance of letter of acceptance. It shows that the Alexander contractor may not be liable to the employer at the same time if the conditions of tendering state any clause like tenderer not able to withdraw till stipulated time, then the Alexander contractor may be liability for breach of the tender conditions. If there is a clause stated in the conditions of tender documents then both party have to appeal to court to settle disputes on the lose and damages, judge will assess the case with the evidence of facts and documents and use the law clauses to make a decision. Reference: Support for this belief come from the leading textbooks on contract law, such as Chitty on contracts. In the Twenty Seventh edition of this famous work, published in 1994, it is stated: The general rule is that an offer may be revoked at any time before it is accepted. The rule applies even though the offeror has promised to keep the offer open for a specified time for such a promise is unsupported by consideration In support of this statement the case of Routledge v. Grant (1824) 4 Bing 653 is quoted where the defendant offered to buy a house giving the plaintiff six weeks to give a definite answer. It was held that the defendant was free to withdraw at any time before acceptance event though the six week period has not expired. The result of this that where a tendering period is very short tenderer sometimes rush to submit a tender seemingly safe in the knowledge that they can check their figures once the tender is submitted, and if errors are found, withdraw their tender at any time prior to acceptance. Discuss the clerks of works power to issue a direction as detailed in the given scenario and its implications on the loss and expenses incurred by the contractor. Scenario given in relevant to clerk of works power The contractor about to start to construct the pile caps then they realized that the concrete quantities in the BOQ are wrong as the sizes of the pile caps had wrongly been transferred from the design drawing in to the BOQ. The contractor re-calculated the quantities as per the drawing and found that the concrete work require 250 cubic meters instead of 160cubic meters shown in the BOQ. The contractor informed the Contract Administrator of this discrepancy in writing and copied to Clerk of Work. The Clerk of Work issued a Direction to construct the pile caps according to the drawing and ignore the quantities shown in BOQ. The Clerk of Works pointed out that the payment would be made on physical measurement of the work. Resolution Clerk of Works is employed by the client and known as Site Inspectors, Site Supervisors or Building Quality Officers, monitor the entire site works for their client. The main responsibility is to make sure that work is carried out to the clients standards, specification and schedule. In most cases, the specifications are prepared by Architects or Engineer employed by the client. Clerk of works make sure that the correct materials and workmanship are used and that the client is given quality work and value for money. Clerk of works are either on site all the time or make regular visits, they need to be vigilant in their inspections, use contract administrator approved drawings and written instruction as a reference and all works must meet the Authorities requirements and client standards. In Scenario stated that the contractor did informed the contract administrator about the pile cap concrete quantity discrepancies and Clerk of work issue directions to proceed the works as per drawing. The contractor has also highlighted that needs to change the concrete curing method due to increase in concrete volume and limited contractor recourses as per original program. The contract administrator issued instruction approving this arrangement. The work was accomplished within four days as per contract administrator approval with increased expenses additional concrete quantities, incurred additional manpower and loss of time (Two days) due to changes in concrete curing method. Hence, under the JCT conditions of contract, the contractor has complied with the contract administrator instruction, which fall under variations in relevant matters and the contractor allowed to claim the loss and expenses from the employer. Reference: (JCT Standard Building Contract with Quantities 2005 Edition Revision 2 2009, Clause 3.4) Clerk of works are authorized to issue directions to the contractor. The direction shall not valid unless confirmed by the contract administrator and issue instruction to the contractor within next 2days, the date of such confirmation shall be deemed the date instruction is issued. (JCT Standard Building Contract with Quantities 2005 Edition Revision 2 2009, Clause 4.23) In the execution of this contract the contractor incurs or is likely to incur direct loss and expense for which he would be reimbursed by a payment under likely to be materially affected by any of the relevant matters (See clause 4.24). Detail the possible claims with respect to the given scenario, the main facts that can be included in the claims and the contractual provisions available to substantiate the claims according to the JCT Standard Building Contract with Quantities 2005 Edition(JCT SBS05) Revision 2 2009. Scenario given in relevant to possible claims Discrepancies in pile cap concrete quantities as per the design drawings, the work require 250 cubic meters instead of 160cubic meters shown in the BOQ. Changes in concrete pile cap concrete curing method due to the pile cap size and concrete volume increased compared to the original program. The first floor collapsed during curing of concrete. It is partially due to structural instability of the existing load bearing walls. Contract administrator decided to replace the damaged ground flooring and repair the walls to carter for structural stability. The employer on several occasions has failed to pay interim payments to the contractor by the final date agreed in the contract. Resolution According to the JCT condition of contracts (clauses 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 3.14 4.24), the contractor did notified the contract administrator on the discrepancies in concrete quantity and copied clerk of work. The Clerk of work issued direction and subsequently contract administrator issued instruction to proceed. In this case the contractor has complied with the contract administrator instruction and allowed to claim for the additional materials, plant, man power which used to complete the works. The additional works to be measure by standard method of measurement and calculate using schedule of rates stipulated in the contracts. References